Monday 7 November 2016

Texte du site TAEC, traduit par GOOGLE

Nous sommes honorés de travailler avec le Dr Yukino Ochiai, ethnobotaniste et professeur à l’Université Ryukoku de Kyoto, en tant que commissaire invité pour cette exposition spéciale explorant l’importance de la nature pour la culture. Depuis plus de 15 ans, la Dre Ochiai concentre ses recherches sur les larmes de l’usine de graminées (Coix), ou mak dueay, amassant une collection inégalée d’objets représentant les graines de la plante. Cette exposition s’inspire des recherches sur le terrain du Dr Ochiai au Laos, en Thaïlande et au Myanmar pour montrer que les plantes sauvages et domestiquées des larmes de Job sont utilisées comme aliments, médicaments et perles par des groupes ethniques appartenant à différentes catégories linguistiques. En outre, cette exposition spéciale donne un aperçu des vêtements et des modes de vie changeants des minorités ethniques de la région, y compris les Akha, Chin, Karen, Jinghpaw et Palaung. En particulier, les perles de rocaille ont été utilisées pour la décoration de costumes dans des combinaisons belles et frappantes. Sur l’affichage sont des artefacts inhabituels, y compris une coiffe de menton qui utilise des piquants de porc-épic et de magnifiques colliers de 14 pays différents en Afrique, en Asie et en Amérique du Sud.

«En affichant tout le processus des plantes vivantes, des graines et des objets de cette exposition, j’espère partager une idée avec les visiteurs du TAEC; comment la culture matérielle est basée sur la diversité végétale et l’environnement ", a déclaré le Dr Ochiai.

Les visiteurs ont droit à une expérience visuellement époustouflante leur permettant d’explorer le rôle significatif de l’environnement dans la vie quotidienne des communautés ethniques rurales. En outre, avec l’ajout de coins de découverte, d’un vaste centre d’activités et d’un jardin ethnobotanique, le musée est parfait pour les enfants et les adultes.

Tara Gujadhur, co-directrice du TAEC, a déclaré: «Dans le passé, les groupes ethniques rassemblaient différents types de matériaux naturels provenant des forêts et des champs, notamment du coton, des colorants végétaux et les graines des larmes de Job. De nos jours, ces matériaux naturels sont remplacés par ceux des marchés, tels que les textiles fabriqués à la machine, les colorants chimiques et les fibres synthétiques. Ce n’est là qu’un indicateur des bouleversements que subissent ces communautés - la réinstallation des villages, la dépendance à l’égard d’une économie de marché et l’érosion des pratiques et coutumes culturelles. Nous sommes impatients de faire la lumière sur ces questions à travers cette exposition. "

Nous remercions le professeur William Klausner, la Fondation EXO, et Saffron Coffee pour leur généreux soutien à l’exposition.

The Golden Stupa or Pha That Luang is the national symbol and most important religious monument in Laos and Vientiane’s most important Buddhist festival is Boun That Luang. The That Luang festival is held over three-seven days during the full moon of the twelfth lunar month (November, but sometimes October).

The festival starts with a colourful candlelight ‘wax castle’ (phasat ) procession which starts in the evening before at Wat Simeuang, where groups gather and walk three times around the main hall of worship in honour of the Vientiane city pillar, which is located at this temple. As the home of the city’s founding pillar, the Wat is considered one of the most important in Vientiane. According to legend, when the pillar was laid, a pregnant woman, Nang Si inspired by supernatural forces, threw herself to death under the pillar as it was being dropped into position. Nang Si is now seen as the guardian of the city and every year homage is paid to her and Lord Buddha during the festival. As well as the castles, they carry candles, incense and flowers, beat drums and cymbals and sing as they walk around the wat.

The “wax castles” are not really castles, but tall creations of yellow “trees”, with wax petals and which are festooned with gold paper and kip notes.

The procession continues the next afternoon when thousands of people gather to bring their glittering creations to pay homage at That Luang. People wear their best clothes for this procession and there is also a parade of men and women dressed in various Lao ethnic costumes who dance and play traditional music and songs as they approach the stupa.

On reaching the stupa, the worshippers slowly walk around it three times in a clockwise direction, led by monks from Wat That Luang chanting the ancient words of Buddha.

The whole country looks forward to this most important of Lao festivals, and people come from far and near to revere and celebrate That Luang.

The so-called wax castles have been a part of Lao lifestyle for many years, and bringing one to Pha That Laung on this occasion is believed to bring considerable merit.

The following morning a huge crowd assembles at dawn That Luang to give alms to hundreds of monks who come here from around the country, and to pay homage to the stupa. The celebrations known as taak baat begin at 7am in the grounds of the That Luang, but crowds begin arriving at the stupa before 5am to secure the best positions inside the cloister, to pray and prepare their offerings. Both inside and outside the cloister, That Luang’s esplanade is full of monks who assemble to receive their offerings.

During the taak baat ritual inside the cloister and on the esplanade outside, everyone sits quietly and listens to the prayers. Some people pour water on the ground to ask Ngamae Thorani (a female earth goddess) to tell the spirits of their relatives to come and receive their offerings, while others release birds from cages to make merit. Everyone tries to go inside the stupa when the formal part of the ceremony has ended to give alms to the monks, to light candles and incense and pray for good luck.

A traditional picnic follows, when people eat boiled chicken and rice and catch up with friends and familes.

Then in the afternoon, everyone will gather on the esplanade for the traditional game of tikhy, which is played with a ball and long curved sticks, resembling a game of hockey. The game used to be played by two opposing groups, one symbolising the people and the other the establishment. Nowadays, it is considered a more light-hearted sporting event between two teams of the Vientiane municipality. Nevertheless, the procession to accompany the ball (louk khee) from the stupa to the grounds and back.

The festival draws to a close under a full moon, when people from all over Laos will crowd around the Pha That Luang (stupa) for one last candlelight procession, bearing posies of flowers, incense and candles. Normally these days there are also firework displays to mark the end of the celebration. Also during That Luang festival there are trade fairs and concerts and funfairs held around the esplanade.

From Laos-guide-999.com